An 8-year-old has puffy eyes and cola-coloured urine 2 weeks after a sore throat. BP is 140/94 mmHg and urine output has fallen. What is the nursing priority?

Restrict fluid and salt and monitor blood pressure

Start oral prednisolone and allow free activity

Give a high-protein diet and encourage fluids

Encourage walking and record weight weekly

Common paediatric disorders and their care

40 Kerala PSC Staff Nurse Gr II practice questions on Common paediatric disorders and their care, part of Child Health Nursing. The first 25 are below; the first 5 with answers and explanations (tap Show answer after you have chosen), the rest in Learn with a free account.

Question 1 · Medium
Which drug is given to a preterm infant to help close a patent ductus arteriosus?
1. AProstaglandin E1
2. BPropranolol
3. CIbuprofen
4. DAdenosine
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Answer: C · Ibuprofen
Prostaglandins keep the ductus arteriosus open, so prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as ibuprofen or indomethacin are used to close it in preterm babies. The nurse watches urine output, platelets and signs of gut bleeding during treatment. If medical closure fails, a catheter device or surgical ligation is used. Term babies with PDA usually need device closure.
- A: Prostaglandin E1 keeps the duct open in duct-dependent lesions.
- B: Propranolol is used for tet spells, not PDA.
- D: Adenosine treats supraventricular tachycardia.
Question 2 · Hard
An 8-year-old has puffy eyes and cola-coloured urine 2 weeks after a sore throat. BP is 140/94 mmHg and urine output has fallen. What is the nursing priority?
1. AStart oral prednisolone and allow free activity
2. BRestrict fluid and salt and monitor blood pressure
3. CGive a high-protein diet and encourage fluids
4. DEncourage walking and record weight weekly
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Answer: B · Restrict fluid and salt and monitor blood pressure
This is acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis with hypertension and oliguria. Fluid overload and high blood pressure can cause encephalopathy with seizures or heart failure, so fluids and salt are restricted to the previous day's output plus insensible loss. Blood pressure, intake-output and daily weight are recorded, with bed rest in the acute phase. Steroids have no role, and antihypertensives and diuretics are given as ordered.
- A: Steroids are for nephrotic syndrome, not post-streptococcal nephritis.
- C: Encouraging fluids worsens overload, and high protein is not advised.
- D: Weekly weights miss fluid changes; bed rest is advised early.
Question 3 · Easy
Which organism causes most cases of bronchiolitis in infants?
1. ARespiratory syncytial virus
2. BMycoplasma pneumoniae
3. CBordetella pertussis
4. DParainfluenza virus
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Answer: A · Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes most bronchiolitis, which affects infants under 2 years, peaking at 2-6 months. The virus inflames the small airways, causing mucus plugging, wheeze, hyperinflation and chest indrawing. Care is supportive: oxygen when saturation is low, gentle nasal suction and small frequent feeds or IV fluids. Contact precautions and hand hygiene limit spread on the ward.
- B: Mycoplasma causes atypical pneumonia in school-age children.
- C: Pertussis causes whooping cough with paroxysms, not bronchiolitis.
- D: Parainfluenza mainly causes croup in toddlers.
Question 4 · Easy
A cyanosed 3-year-old who squats to rest after running a short distance most likely has:
1. ATetralogy of Fallot
2. BPatent ductus arteriosus
3. CCoarctation of aorta
4. DAtrial septal defect
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Answer: A · Tetralogy of Fallot
Squatting is a classic feature of tetralogy of Fallot. It raises systemic vascular resistance, so less blood shunts right-to-left across the VSD and more goes to the lungs, easing cyanosis. Infants get the same effect from the knee-chest position. Clubbing and polycythaemia develop with long-standing cyanosis.
- B: PDA is acyanotic in childhood.
- C: Coarctation causes weak femoral pulses, not cyanotic squatting.
- D: ASD is an acyanotic lesion without squatting.
Question 5 · Hard
A 16 kg child with a first episode of nephrotic syndrome is prescribed prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day. What daily dose should the nurse expect?
1. A32 mg
2. B24 mg
3. C60 mg
4. D16 mg
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Answer: A · 32 mg
The dose is 2 mg x 16 kg = 32 mg per day, below the 60 mg daily maximum. Under the Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology regimen this is given for 6 weeks, then 1.5 mg/kg on alternate days for another 6 weeks. Steroids are given in the morning after food. The nurse watches blood pressure, glucose and signs of infection.
- B: 24 mg uses the alternate-day 1.5 mg/kg dose.
- C: 60 mg is the daily maximum, not this child's dose.
- D: 16 mg uses 1 mg/kg.
Question 6 · Medium
In coarctation of the aorta, which finding is typical?
1. AWeak femoral pulses with high arm blood pressure
2. BA continuous machinery murmur
3. CLow blood pressure in both arms
4. DCyanosis that improves on squatting
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 7 · Hard
A 7-kg infant on digoxin for heart failure is vomiting. The apical pulse counted for one minute is 76/min. What should the nurse do?
1. AGive the dose and recount after an hour
2. BGive the dose with milk to stop vomiting
3. CWithhold the dose and inform the doctor
4. DGive half the dose and record the pulse
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 8 · Easy
Beading at the costochondral junctions (rachitic rosary) is a sign of deficiency of:
1. AVitamin C
2. BVitamin D
3. CIron
4. DVitamin A
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 9 · Hard
A 6-week-old boy has projectile non-bilious vomiting after every feed for 5 days and an olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen. Which blood result is most likely?
1. AHigh chloride, high potassium and low bicarbonate
2. BNormal chloride, high potassium and high bicarbonate
3. CLow sodium, high potassium and low bicarbonate
4. DLow chloride, low potassium and high bicarbonate
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 10 · Medium
While a child with nephrotic syndrome has marked oedema, the usual diet advice is:
1. AVery low protein and free salt
2. BNormal protein with salt restriction
3. CFluids forced with normal salt
4. DHigh protein with extra salt
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 11 · Easy
Diarrhoea is called persistent when an episode that began acutely lasts for at least:
1. A3 days
2. B30 days
3. C7 days
4. D14 days
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 12 · Easy
The most common congenital heart defect in children is:
1. ATetralogy of Fallot
2. BVentricular septal defect
3. CPatent ductus arteriosus
4. DAtrial septal defect
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 13 · Hard
A 2-year-old with severe acute malnutrition is alert but has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL (low below 54 mg/dL). What should the nurse give?
1. A20 mL/kg normal saline as an IV bolus
2. B5 mL/kg of 25% dextrose by IV push
3. CNothing until the next F-75 feed is due
4. D50 mL of 10% glucose by mouth or NG tube
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 14 · Easy
In a child aged 6-59 months, severe acute malnutrition is diagnosed when weight-for-height is below:
1. A-2 SD of the WHO median
2. B80% of expected weight
3. C60% of expected weight
4. D-3 SD of the WHO median
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 15 · Medium
Which is NOT a component of tetralogy of Fallot?
1. AAtrial septal defect
2. BOverriding of the aorta
3. CRight ventricular hypertrophy
4. DVentricular septal defect
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 16 · Hard
An 8-month-old is admitted with measles. Under WHO guidance, how much vitamin A should the nurse give?
1. A2,00,000 IU on two consecutive days
2. B1,00,000 IU on two consecutive days
3. C1,00,000 IU once a week for a month
4. D50,000 IU as a single dose
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 17 · Easy
Painful mouth ulcers with vesicles on the palms, soles and buttocks in a 3-year-old at day care usually point to infection with:
1. AHerpes simplex virus
2. BCoxsackievirus A16
3. CMeasles virus
4. DVaricella-zoster virus
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 18 · Hard
A 9-year-old in Kochi has dengue. On day 4 the fever settles, but he has abdominal pain and keeps vomiting; haematocrit has risen from 38% to 46%. What does this mean?
1. ATypical recovery phase with no extra risk
2. BThe illness is resolving and he can go home
3. CPlasma leakage needing close IV fluid care
4. DDehydration from fever needing only ORS
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 19 · Medium
The most common cause of death in children with measles is:
1. ACorneal ulcer
2. BPneumonia
3. CEncephalitis
4. DOtitis media
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 20 · Easy
Whooping cough is most infectious during which stage?
1. ACatarrhal stage
2. BIncubation period
3. CConvalescent stage
4. DParoxysmal stage
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 21 · Easy
Passage of red currant jelly stools in an infant with colicky pain suggests:
1. AHirschsprung disease
2. BIntussusception
3. CPyloric stenosis
4. DAnal fissure
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 22 · Medium
Feeds for a child with severe acute malnutrition are given every 2 hours, day and night, mainly to prevent:
1. AHypoglycaemia and hypothermia
2. BDiarrhoea and vomiting
3. CPressure sores and contractures
4. DDehydration and shock
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 23 · Hard
A 1-hour-old baby has frothy saliva from the mouth and chokes and turns blue at the first feed. A catheter stops at 10 cm. What should the nurse do first?
1. APass a larger tube to push into the stomach
2. BStop oral feeds and suction the upper pouch
3. CLay the baby flat in the prone position
4. DGive the next feed slowly with a spoon
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 24 · Medium
The most common type of tracheo-oesophageal fistula is:
1. AUpper fistula with lower atresia
2. BUpper oesophageal atresia with a lower fistula
3. CH-type fistula without atresia
4. DIsolated atresia with no fistula
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 25 · Medium
The heart defect most typical of a child with Down syndrome is:
1. ATricuspid atresia
2. BTransposition of great arteries
3. CAtrioventricular septal defect
4. DCoarctation of the aorta
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

15 more Common paediatric disorders and their care questions

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Study Child Health Nursing

Common paediatric disorders and their care

Which drug is given to a preterm infant to help close a patent ductus arteriosus?

An 8-year-old has puffy eyes and cola-coloured urine 2 weeks after a sore throat. BP is 140/94 mmHg and urine output has fallen. What is the nursing priority?

Which organism causes most cases of bronchiolitis in infants?

A cyanosed 3-year-old who squats to rest after running a short distance most likely has:

A 16 kg child with a first episode of nephrotic syndrome is prescribed prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day. What daily dose should the nurse expect?

In coarctation of the aorta, which finding is typical?

A 7-kg infant on digoxin for heart failure is vomiting. The apical pulse counted for one minute is 76/min. What should the nurse do?

Beading at the costochondral junctions (rachitic rosary) is a sign of deficiency of:

A 6-week-old boy has projectile non-bilious vomiting after every feed for 5 days and an olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen. Which blood result is most likely?

While a child with nephrotic syndrome has marked oedema, the usual diet advice is:

Diarrhoea is called persistent when an episode that began acutely lasts for at least:

The most common congenital heart defect in children is:

A 2-year-old with severe acute malnutrition is alert but has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL (low below 54 mg/dL). What should the nurse give?

In a child aged 6-59 months, severe acute malnutrition is diagnosed when weight-for-height is below:

Which is NOT a component of tetralogy of Fallot?

An 8-month-old is admitted with measles. Under WHO guidance, how much vitamin A should the nurse give?

Painful mouth ulcers with vesicles on the palms, soles and buttocks in a 3-year-old at day care usually point to infection with:

A 9-year-old in Kochi has dengue. On day 4 the fever settles, but he has abdominal pain and keeps vomiting; haematocrit has risen from 38% to 46%. What does this mean?

The most common cause of death in children with measles is:

Whooping cough is most infectious during which stage?

Passage of red currant jelly stools in an infant with colicky pain suggests:

Feeds for a child with severe acute malnutrition are given every 2 hours, day and night, mainly to prevent:

A 1-hour-old baby has frothy saliva from the mouth and chokes and turns blue at the first feed. A catheter stops at 10 cm. What should the nurse do first?

The most common type of tracheo-oesophageal fistula is:

The heart defect most typical of a child with Down syndrome is: