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On the second day after major abdominal surgery, a 60-year-old man has received 7 litres of 0.9% sodium chloride. Results: Na+ 143, K+ 4.0, Cl- 119, HCO3- 16 mmol/L; pH 7.32, pCO2 32 mm Hg; lactate 1.1 mmol/L (below 2.0); glucose and creatinine normal. The most likely cause of his acidosis is:
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