A college friend offers to donate a kidney to a woman on haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. They are not related, and no money is involved, they say. The transplant coordinator asks what must happen before surgery. What does the transplantation law require?

Approval of the Authorisation Committee

Only the donor's written consent

A police no-objection certificate

At 22 weeks of gestation, a married schoolteacher with two children attends the gynaecology OPD of a medical college. She conceived despite a copper IUD and wants termination. She did not know she was pregnant until she felt fetal movements. She has no medical illness, her blood pressure and haemoglobin are normal, and the anomaly scan shows a normal foetus with no placental problem. She and her husband are firm in their request. She is not in any of the special categories listed in the MTP Rules. What is the legal position?

Termination is not permitted on this ground at 22 weeks

The Medical Board may permit it on request

One RMP may terminate up to 24 weeks

Two RMPs may terminate, as contraception failed

Late at night in the casualty of a district hospital, a young man is brought after drinking an organophosphate insecticide following a quarrel with his father. Pupils are pinpoint, he is bradycardic at 48/min with copious bronchial secretions, SpO2 is 86% on room air, and atropine with pralidoxime is started; he is intubated for respiratory failure and shifted to the ICU. The relatives beg the doctor not to inform the police, saying that he will be jailed for trying to kill himself. What is the correct medico-legal position?

Treat and inform police; he will not be prosecuted

Treat, register an MLC; he will be tried for attempted suicide

Treat and do not inform the police, to protect him

Delay treatment until the police record his statement

A girl of 9 is brought to a CHC late in the evening after a suspected sexual assault by a neighbour. The only doctor on duty is a man, and a woman doctor is available at the district hospital 20 minutes away. The child is stable. Under POCSO, who should do the medical examination?

A woman doctor, with the mother present

A forensic expert, after a court order

Any doctor, after police permission

The male doctor, with a female attendant

Medical laws: POCSO, MTP, PCPNDT, transplantation, Mental Healthcare Act

26 NEET-PG practice questions on Medical laws: POCSO, MTP, PCPNDT, transplantation, Mental Healthcare Act, part of Forensic Medicine. The first 25 are below; the first 5 with answers and explanations (tap Show answer after you have chosen), the rest in Learn with a free account.

Question 1 · Medium
A college friend offers to donate a kidney to a woman on haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. They are not related, and no money is involved, they say. The transplant coordinator asks what must happen before surgery. What does the transplantation law require?
1. AApproval of the NOTTO director
2. BOnly the donor's written consent
3. CApproval of the Authorisation Committee
4. DA police no-objection certificate
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Answer: C · Approval of the Authorisation Committee
Under THOTA, a living donor who is not a near relative may donate only out of affection, attachment or another special reason, and only with prior approval of the Authorisation Committee, which checks that there is no commercial dealing. Written consent alone is not enough. Buying or selling organs is a punishable offence. Key point: A living organ donor who is not a near relative needs Authorisation Committee approval under THOTA.
- A: NOTTO coordinates allocation and registries but does not approve individual living donations.
- B: Consent alone is not enough for an unrelated donor.
- D: A police certificate is not the legal requirement.
Question 2 · Hard
At 22 weeks of gestation, a married schoolteacher with two children attends the gynaecology OPD of a medical college. She conceived despite a copper IUD and wants termination. She did not know she was pregnant until she felt fetal movements. She has no medical illness, her blood pressure and haemoglobin are normal, and the anomaly scan shows a normal foetus with no placental problem. She and her husband are firm in their request. She is not in any of the special categories listed in the MTP Rules. What is the legal position?
1. ATermination is not permitted on this ground at 22 weeks
2. BThe Medical Board may permit it on request
3. COne RMP may terminate up to 24 weeks
4. DTwo RMPs may terminate, as contraception failed
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Answer: A · Termination is not permitted on this ground at 22 weeks
Contraceptive failure is a valid ground only up to 20 weeks, on one RMP's opinion. Between 20 and 24 weeks, termination is limited to the special categories in the rules (such as survivors of rape, minors, change of marital status, disability or foetal malformation). Beyond 24 weeks it is limited to substantial foetal abnormality. She fits none of these, so termination is not allowed unless her life is in danger. Key point: Contraceptive failure supports MTP only up to 20 weeks; from 20 to 24 weeks only special categories qualify.
- B: Medical Boards consider substantial foetal abnormality beyond 24 weeks, not this request.
- C: One RMP's opinion is valid only up to 20 weeks.
- D: Two opinions apply from 20 to 24 weeks only for special categories, not contraceptive failure.
Question 3 · Hard
Late at night in the casualty of a district hospital, a young man is brought after drinking an organophosphate insecticide following a quarrel with his father. Pupils are pinpoint, he is bradycardic at 48/min with copious bronchial secretions, SpO2 is 86% on room air, and atropine with pralidoxime is started; he is intubated for respiratory failure and shifted to the ICU. The relatives beg the doctor not to inform the police, saying that he will be jailed for trying to kill himself. What is the correct medico-legal position?
1. ATreat, register an MLC; he will be tried for attempted suicide
2. BTreat and inform police; he will not be prosecuted
3. CTreat and do not inform the police, to protect him
4. DDelay treatment until the police record his statement
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Answer: B · Treat and inform police; he will not be prosecuted
Poisoning is a medico-legal case, so the doctor treats first and informs the police; the police must exclude homicidal poisoning or abetment. Under Section 115 of the Mental Healthcare Act he is presumed to have been under severe stress and is not tried or punished for the attempt, and the BNS has no general offence of attempted suicide. The government must provide him care and rehabilitation, so a psychiatric assessment is part of his management. Key point: Attempted suicide is still an MLC, but the survivor is presumed under severe stress and is not prosecuted.
- A: Attempted suicide is not prosecuted under current law.
- C: Every poisoning must be intimated to the police as an MLC.
- D: Treatment must never wait for police formalities.
Question 4 · Easy
Under the POCSO Act, a 'child' means a person below what age?
1. A18 years, girls only
2. B16 years, boy or girl
3. C14 years, boy or girl
4. D18 years, boy or girl
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Answer: D · 18 years, boy or girl
POCSO defines a child as any person below 18 years of age, and the Act is gender-neutral, protecting boys and girls alike. Consent of a person under 18 has no legal value for sexual acts under the Act. Key point: Under POCSO, a child is anyone under 18 years, of either sex.
- A: POCSO protects boys as well as girls.
- B: Sixteen years is not the POCSO cut-off.
- C: Fourteen years is the child-labour cut-off, not the POCSO age.
Question 5 · Medium
A girl of 9 is brought to a CHC late in the evening after a suspected sexual assault by a neighbour. The only doctor on duty is a man, and a woman doctor is available at the district hospital 20 minutes away. The child is stable. Under POCSO, who should do the medical examination?
1. AA forensic expert, after a court order
2. BAny doctor, after police permission
3. CThe male doctor, with a female attendant
4. DA woman doctor, with the mother present
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Answer: D · A woman doctor, with the mother present
Section 27 of POCSO requires the medical examination of a girl child to be done by a woman doctor, in the presence of the parent or a person the child trusts. The examination does not need an FIR or court order, and emergency treatment must never be delayed. Here the child is stable and a woman doctor is close, so she should be examined there. Key point: Under POCSO, a girl child is examined by a woman doctor, with a parent or trusted person present.
- A: No court order is needed, and any registered doctor (a woman, for a girl) may examine.
- B: Police permission is not needed for the medical examination.
- C: POCSO specifically requires a woman doctor for a girl child when one can be had.
Question 6 · Hard
An inspection by the district Appropriate Authority of an ultrasound centre in Haryana finds that, in 40 of 300 Form F records, the indication for the scan and the doctor's declaration are left blank. The sex ratio at birth in the district has fallen over five years, which prompted the inspection, and the centre performs about 15 scans a day. There is no evidence that the sex of any foetus was revealed, and the radiologist says these are only clerical errors made by a busy receptionist. How does the PCPNDT Act treat these deficiencies?
1. AAs clerical errors, needing only correction
2. BAs a contravention of the Act itself
3. CAs an offence only if a sex-selective abortion is proved
4. DAs a civil matter for a fine on the centre
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 7 · Easy
Apart from life-saving emergencies, where may a termination of pregnancy lawfully be done under the MTP Act?
1. AAny clinic run by a registered doctor
2. BA government hospital or a place approved by the government
3. CThe woman's home, if a doctor attends
4. DAny nursing home with an operation theatre
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 8 · Medium
An elderly woman dies peacefully at home in Kochi; her family calls the eye bank, as she had pledged her eyes. The only person who can reach the house within an hour is a trained eye-bank technician, not a doctor. What is the legal position on retrieval?
1. AOnly an ophthalmologist may remove the eyes
2. BEyes can be removed only in a hospital
3. CA trained technician may remove the eyes
4. DBrain-stem death certification is needed first
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 9 · Medium
A district Appropriate Authority files a complaint after a woman in her second trimester is found to have undergone sex determination at a private scan centre. Her husband and mother-in-law took her there. In the prosecution, what will the court presume about the woman?
1. AShe was compelled by her husband or relatives
2. BShe is liable only if she underwent abortion
3. CShe acted voluntarily unless she proves otherwise
4. DShe is the main accused as she sought the test
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 10 · Easy
Which national body coordinates organ procurement and allocation and maintains the national registry of donors and recipients in India?
1. ANOTTO
2. BCDSCO
3. CICMR
4. DNMC
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 11 · Hard
Accompanied by her parents, a girl of 15 attends a district hospital at 8 weeks of gestation. She says the pregnancy followed a relationship with a classmate, and all three request termination. They fear that police involvement will expose her at school. The gynaecologist confirms an intrauterine pregnancy. What is the correct course?
1. ATerminate with guardian consent; no report, as the act was consensual
2. BRefuse termination until a court order is obtained
3. CTerminate with guardian consent and report under POCSO
4. DReport to the police and wait for their permission before terminating
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 12 · Medium
In a neurosurgical ICU, a young man has been certified brain-stem dead after a road accident. The intensivist plans to inform the family and switch off the ventilator. Under the transplantation law as amended in 2011, what else must the ICU team do?
1. AAsk the family about organ donation
2. BRemove organs without asking, as he is dead
3. CWait for police permission before telling the family
4. DTransfer him to the transplant hospital first
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 13 · Medium
A boy of 16 with severe catatonia is refusing food and fluids in a psychiatry ward despite adequate lorazepam. The consultant considers electroconvulsive therapy. Under the Mental Healthcare Act, what is required?
1. AGuardian's consent and Review Board permission
2. BECT is never allowed in a minor
3. COnly the consultant psychiatrist's clinical decision
4. DGuardian's consent alone
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 14 · Easy
Under the MTP (Amendment) Act 2021, up to what gestation may a pregnancy be terminated on the opinion of a single registered medical practitioner?
1. A12 weeks
2. B20 weeks
3. C24 weeks
4. D28 weeks
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 15 · Hard
1. A doctor of the transplant team may not certify brain-stem death of a potential donor. 2. Commercial dealing in human organs is a punishable offence. 3. A friend may donate a kidney without any approval if he gives written consent. 4. Grandparents and grandchildren count as near relatives since the 2011 amendment. Under the transplantation law, which statements are true?
1. A1, 2, 3 and 4
2. B1, 2 and 4 only
3. C1 and 4 only
4. D2, 3 and 4 only
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 16 · Medium
BP 180/120 mmHg, platelets 60,000/mm3, rising liver enzymes and eclamptic fits at 29 weeks: this is the picture in a woman brought to a district hospital at night. The obstetrician on duty decides that ending the pregnancy at once is necessary to save her life; no second doctor is available. What does the MTP Act allow?
1. AShe must wait for a second registered practitioner
2. BShe may terminate alone, at any gestation
3. CShe must obtain State Medical Board approval first
4. DTermination after 24 weeks is not permitted at all
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 17 · Medium
During a routine 20-week anomaly scan, the couple repeatedly ask the sonologist whether they should buy pink or blue clothes. She does not say the sex but smiles and says 'buy blue, you will be happy'. A decoy operation team has recorded the conversation. How is her conduct viewed under the PCPNDT Act?
1. AAn offence only if the couple then seeks abortion
2. BA minor lapse needing only a warning
3. CNot an offence, as she never named the sex
4. DDisclosure of foetal sex, an offence under the Act
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 18 · Easy
In a hospital registered under the transplantation law, a board is being formed to certify brain-stem death in a ventilated patient whose kidneys may be donated. Which doctor must NOT be a member of this board?
1. AThe doctor in charge of the hospital
2. BThe doctor treating the patient
3. CA neurologist or neurosurgeon
4. DA surgeon from the transplant team
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 19 · Medium
Statements on the MTP (Amendment) Act 2021: 1. Failure of a contraceptive used by any woman or her partner is a valid ground. 2. The upper limit for special categories of women is 24 weeks. 3. Termination beyond 24 weeks for substantial foetal abnormality is decided by a Medical Board. 4. A married woman needs her husband's written consent. Which are correct?
1. A1, 2, 3 and 4
2. B1, 2 and 3 only
3. C1 and 4 only
4. D2, 3 and 4 only
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 20 · Medium
At 22 weeks of gestation, a survivor of rape is referred by a one-stop centre to the gynaecology department of a medical college. Her ultrasound shows a normal singleton foetus. She requests termination and is medically fit. What does the law require before termination can be done?
1. APermission of the High Court
2. BOpinion of two registered medical practitioners
3. CApproval of the State Medical Board
4. DOpinion of one registered medical practitioner
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Question 21 · Medium
A woman of 24 with moderate intellectual disability and a mental illness is brought at 10 weeks of pregnancy by her mother, who is her legal guardian. The pregnancy resulted from failure of contraception. The psychiatrist confirms she cannot understand the procedure. Whose consent is legally required for the termination?
1. AConsent of the Mental Health Review Board
2. BWritten consent of her guardian
3. CHer own consent alone
4. DConsent of two psychiatrists
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 22 · Medium
An IVF centre in Delhi advertises that it can 'help couples choose a boy' by separating X- and Y-bearing sperm before insemination, and argues that the PCPNDT Act covers only tests on an existing foetus. What is the legal position?
1. ALegal, as no foetus exists yet
2. BLegal if done for family balancing
3. CLegal if the couple already has two girls
4. DSex selection before conception is also banned
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 23 · Medium
In the PHC procedure room, a married woman of 26 at 8 weeks of gestation requests medical abortion because her two children are under three years old. Her husband arrives and objects, saying she cannot proceed without his signature. She is competent and has given written consent. What is the legal position?
1. AThe husband's consent is needed only for medical abortion
2. BTermination needs the written consent of both spouses
3. CHer own consent is enough; the husband's is not needed
4. DTermination must wait for a court order
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 24 · Medium
A police head constable comes to a nursing home in Patna and asks the gynaecologist for the names and addresses of all women who underwent termination of pregnancy in the past month, for a 'survey'. He has no court order or written authority. What should the gynaecologist do?
1. AGive names but withhold addresses
2. BRefuse, as their identities are confidential
3. CHand over the admission register
4. DAsk the women by phone if they object
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Question 25 · Medium
An anomaly scan at 27 weeks in a primigravida at a tertiary hospital in Hyderabad shows anencephaly, a condition incompatible with life. The couple, after counselling, request termination. Under the MTP Act 2021, who decides whether the pregnancy may be terminated?
1. AThe District Magistrate
2. BThe State Medical Board
3. CThe treating obstetrician alone
4. DTwo registered medical practitioners
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

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Medical laws: POCSO, MTP, PCPNDT, transplantation, Mental Healthcare Act

A college friend offers to donate a kidney to a woman on haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. They are not related, and no money is involved, they say. The transplant coordinator asks what must happen before surgery. What does the transplantation law require?

Under the POCSO Act, a 'child' means a person below what age?

A girl of 9 is brought to a CHC late in the evening after a suspected sexual assault by a neighbour. The only doctor on duty is a man, and a woman doctor is available at the district hospital 20 minutes away. The child is stable. Under POCSO, who should do the medical examination?

Apart from life-saving emergencies, where may a termination of pregnancy lawfully be done under the MTP Act?

An elderly woman dies peacefully at home in Kochi; her family calls the eye bank, as she had pledged her eyes. The only person who can reach the house within an hour is a trained eye-bank technician, not a doctor. What is the legal position on retrieval?

A district Appropriate Authority files a complaint after a woman in her second trimester is found to have undergone sex determination at a private scan centre. Her husband and mother-in-law took her there. In the prosecution, what will the court presume about the woman?

Which national body coordinates organ procurement and allocation and maintains the national registry of donors and recipients in India?

In a neurosurgical ICU, a young man has been certified brain-stem dead after a road accident. The intensivist plans to inform the family and switch off the ventilator. Under the transplantation law as amended in 2011, what else must the ICU team do?

A boy of 16 with severe catatonia is refusing food and fluids in a psychiatry ward despite adequate lorazepam. The consultant considers electroconvulsive therapy. Under the Mental Healthcare Act, what is required?

Under the MTP (Amendment) Act 2021, up to what gestation may a pregnancy be terminated on the opinion of a single registered medical practitioner?

In a hospital registered under the transplantation law, a board is being formed to certify brain-stem death in a ventilated patient whose kidneys may be donated. Which doctor must NOT be a member of this board?

At 22 weeks of gestation, a survivor of rape is referred by a one-stop centre to the gynaecology department of a medical college. Her ultrasound shows a normal singleton foetus. She requests termination and is medically fit. What does the law require before termination can be done?

An IVF centre in Delhi advertises that it can 'help couples choose a boy' by separating X- and Y-bearing sperm before insemination, and argues that the PCPNDT Act covers only tests on an existing foetus. What is the legal position?

A police head constable comes to a nursing home in Patna and asks the gynaecologist for the names and addresses of all women who underwent termination of pregnancy in the past month, for a 'survey'. He has no court order or written authority. What should the gynaecologist do?

An anomaly scan at 27 weeks in a primigravida at a tertiary hospital in Hyderabad shows anencephaly, a condition incompatible with life. The couple, after counselling, request termination. Under the MTP Act 2021, who decides whether the pregnancy may be terminated?