Nutrition and therapeutic diets

25 Kerala PSC Staff Nurse Gr II practice questions on Nutrition and therapeutic diets, part of Community Health Nursing and Nutrition. The first 25 are below; the first 5 with answers and explanations (tap Show answer after you have chosen), the rest in Learn with a free account.

Question 1 · Medium
By ICMR-NIN 2020, a pregnant woman in the second and third trimesters needs extra energy of about:
1. A1,000 kcal per day
2. B600 kcal per day
3. C150 kcal per day
4. D350 kcal per day
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Answer: D · 350 kcal per day
The ICMR-NIN 2020 requirements add about 350 kcal per day in the second and third trimesters. The extra energy supports the fetus, placenta and maternal tissues. Lactation in the first six months needs more, about 600 kcal per day. Weight gain is monitored at each antenatal visit.
- A: 1,000 kcal per day would cause excess weight gain.
- B: 600 kcal per day is the extra need in early lactation.
- C: 150 kcal per day is too little for the later trimesters.
Question 2 · Easy
Lathyrism is caused by eating large amounts of:
1. AKhesari dal
2. BGroundnuts
3. CCassava
4. DMaize
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Answer: A · Khesari dal
Lathyrism follows long use of Lathyrus sativus (khesari dal), which contains the neurotoxin BOAA. It causes a spastic paraplegia of the legs, mainly in young men. Steeping the dal in hot water and discarding the water removes most of the toxin. Vitamin C has also been tried to prevent it.
- B: Mouldy groundnuts carry aflatoxin, a liver toxin.
- C: Cassava may cause cyanide toxicity, not lathyrism.
- D: Maize-based diets cause pellagra.
Question 3 · Hard
A 6-year-old has diarrhoea and poor growth since starting wheat chapati. Tests confirm coeliac disease. Which breakfast is suitable for him?
1. ABroken-wheat porridge
2. BWheat upma with vegetables
3. CChapati with dal
4. DRice puttu with kadala curry
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Answer: D · Rice puttu with kadala curry
Coeliac disease needs strict lifelong removal of gluten from wheat, barley and rye. Rice puttu with chickpea curry has no gluten and gives a good cereal-pulse protein mix. Upma made from rava (semolina) is a wheat product, as are chapati and broken wheat. Families are taught to read labels for hidden wheat.
- A: Broken wheat contains gluten.
- B: Upma made from rava is a wheat product.
- C: Chapati is made from wheat flour.
Question 4 · Easy
Which cereal can be given safely to a patient with coeliac disease?
1. ARice
2. BWheat
3. CRye
4. DBarley
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Answer: A · Rice
Coeliac disease is an immune reaction to gluten in wheat, barley and rye. The treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Rice, maize and millets such as ragi are naturally free of gluten. Kerala staples such as rice puttu and idli suit the diet.
- B: Wheat is the main source of gluten.
- C: Rye contains a gluten protein (secalin).
- D: Barley contains a gluten protein (hordein).
Question 5 · Hard
A patient's 2,000 kcal diet contains 40 g of fat. What percentage of the energy comes from fat?
1. A2%
2. B18%
3. C40%
4. D8%
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Answer: B · 18%
Energy from fat = 40 g x 9 kcal = 360 kcal. Percentage = 360 / 2,000 x 100 = 18%. This is within the usual advice of about 20-30% of energy from fat, slightly on the low side. Saturated fat such as coconut oil and ghee is kept under 10% of energy.
- A: 2% comes from dividing grams by kcal without converting to energy.
- C: 40% treats the grams of fat as a percentage.
- D: 8% comes from counting fat at 4 kcal per gram.
Question 6 · Medium
A diet that combines cereals with pulses has better protein quality because:
1. APulses add animal protein
2. BBoth are rich in methionine
3. CPulses supply the lysine that cereals lack
4. DCereals supply the lysine that pulses lack
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 7 · Medium
On the first day after abdominal surgery, a clear liquid diet is ordered. Which item can the nurse give?
1. ACustard
2. BMashed banana
3. CMilk
4. DStrained clear soup
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 8 · Medium
Parboiled rice is richer in thiamine than raw milled rice because during parboiling:
1. AThe bran layer becomes thicker
2. BThiamine is added to the soaking water
3. CHeat converts starch into thiamine
4. DThe B vitamins move from the bran into the grain
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 9 · Medium
WHO advises that an adult with hypertension should limit common salt to less than:
1. A1 g per day
2. B5 g per day
3. C10 g per day
4. D15 g per day
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 10 · Easy
One gram of fat supplies about:
1. A9 kcal
2. B7 kcal
3. C4 kcal
4. D2 kcal
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 11 · Easy
Bitot's spots of vitamin A deficiency are seen on the:
1. ARetina
2. BEyelid margin
3. CBulbar conjunctiva
4. DCornea
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 12 · Hard
A family of five develops bilateral pitting oedema of the legs, breathlessness and skin redness. All had cooked with mustard oil from a new shop. The most likely cause is:
1. AArgemone oil adulteration
2. BAflatoxin contamination
3. CWet beriberi
4. DKhesari dal toxicity
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 13 · Easy
Double fortified salt, given through public distribution in India, is fortified with iodine and:
1. AZinc
2. BFluoride
3. CIron
4. DVitamin A
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 14 · Hard
A woman weighs 68 kg and is 1.60 m tall. Using the Asian Indian cut-offs, her BMI and category are:
1. A26.6 kg/m², obese
2. B23.4 kg/m², overweight
3. C26.6 kg/m², normal
4. D42.5 kg/m², morbidly obese
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 15 · Medium
An anaemic 15-year-old girl takes her weekly IFA tablet with her morning tea. The nurse should advise her to:
1. ATake it with tea but double the dose
2. BTake it with milk to reduce side effects
3. CTake it with lemon or amla juice, not tea
4. DStop it when she feels better
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 16 · Medium
In wet beriberi, the main system affected is the:
1. ASkin
2. BCardiovascular system
3. CPeripheral nervous system
4. DSkeletal system
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 17 · Medium
Under PM POSHAN (Mid-Day Meal), each child in primary classes should receive a meal giving about:
1. A600 kcal and 18 g protein
2. B300 kcal and 8 g protein
3. C450 kcal and 12 g protein
4. D700 kcal and 20 g protein
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 18 · Medium
A patient with gout is advised to avoid which food to lower uric acid?
1. ARice and wheat
2. BMilk and curd
3. COrgan meats such as liver
4. DFresh fruits
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 19 · Easy
Swollen, spongy, bleeding gums are a classic sign of deficiency of:
1. AVitamin C
2. BVitamin B12
3. CVitamin K
4. DVitamin D
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 20 · Easy
Aflatoxin in mouldy groundnuts and grains mainly damages the:
1. AKidneys
2. BNerves
3. CBones
4. DLiver
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 21 · Easy
In the HTST (flash) method of pasteurisation, milk is heated to:
1. A100°C for 30 minutes
2. B135°C for 30 minutes
3. C72°C for 15 seconds
4. D63°C for 15 seconds
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 22 · Medium
A negative phosphatase test on a sample of milk shows that the milk:
1. AContains added starch
2. BHas a high bacterial count
3. CWas adulterated with water
4. DWas pasteurised properly
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 23 · Hard
A 3-year-old has night blindness and Bitot's spots. What is the correct vitamin A treatment?
1. A2 lakh IU orally on day 1, day 2 and day 14
2. B50,000 IU orally daily for 7 days
3. C2 lakh IU orally once, then every 6 months
4. D1 lakh IU orally once, then every 6 months
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 24 · Easy
Dental and skeletal fluorosis occur when drinking water contains fluoride above about:
1. A0.5 mg/L
2. B0.2 mg/L
3. C1.5 mg/L
4. D0.1 mg/L
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account
Question 25 · Easy
Pellagra occurs in people who eat mainly jowar because jowar contains excess:
1. ATryptophan
2. BLeucine
3. CLysine
4. DMethionine
Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

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Nutrition and therapeutic diets

By ICMR-NIN 2020, a pregnant woman in the second and third trimesters needs extra energy of about:

Lathyrism is caused by eating large amounts of:

A 6-year-old has diarrhoea and poor growth since starting wheat chapati. Tests confirm coeliac disease. Which breakfast is suitable for him?

Which cereal can be given safely to a patient with coeliac disease?

A patient's 2,000 kcal diet contains 40 g of fat. What percentage of the energy comes from fat?

A diet that combines cereals with pulses has better protein quality because:

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a clear liquid diet is ordered. Which item can the nurse give?

Parboiled rice is richer in thiamine than raw milled rice because during parboiling:

WHO advises that an adult with hypertension should limit common salt to less than:

One gram of fat supplies about:

Bitot's spots of vitamin A deficiency are seen on the:

A family of five develops bilateral pitting oedema of the legs, breathlessness and skin redness. All had cooked with mustard oil from a new shop. The most likely cause is:

Double fortified salt, given through public distribution in India, is fortified with iodine and:

A woman weighs 68 kg and is 1.60 m tall. Using the Asian Indian cut-offs, her BMI and category are:

An anaemic 15-year-old girl takes her weekly IFA tablet with her morning tea. The nurse should advise her to:

In wet beriberi, the main system affected is the:

Under PM POSHAN (Mid-Day Meal), each child in primary classes should receive a meal giving about:

A patient with gout is advised to avoid which food to lower uric acid?

Swollen, spongy, bleeding gums are a classic sign of deficiency of:

Aflatoxin in mouldy groundnuts and grains mainly damages the:

In the HTST (flash) method of pasteurisation, milk is heated to:

A negative phosphatase test on a sample of milk shows that the milk:

A 3-year-old has night blindness and Bitot's spots. What is the correct vitamin A treatment?

Dental and skeletal fluorosis occur when drinking water contains fluoride above about:

Pellagra occurs in people who eat mainly jowar because jowar contains excess: